Laser surface engineering of solid-state batteries for functionalisation of electrochemical performance

Applications are invited to undertake a 3 year PhD programme to explore new laser surface engineering methods for functionalising the electrochemical performance of solid-state batteries. The growing expansion of renewable energy sources is driving an increased demand for energy storage systems that are both affordable and efficient. Among the various options, solid-state batteries (SSBs) stand out as one of the most promising technologies, particularly with ongoing research into new materials and advanced electrode architecture.

Silicon, as a new-generation electrode material for SSBs, has become a key focus of recent research. In recent times, the most significant advancements have predominantly occurred in the realm of lithium-metal-oxide cathodes, while lithium anodes in SSBs have remained largely unchanged. Silicon, with its ability to provide a high charge capacity as the active material (AM) in anodes of all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs), has long been considered a promising medium for anodes. However, it may expand by up to 300% during charging, causing fluctuations, leading to internal mechanical stresses within the composite electrode, resulting in issues such as loss of electrical contact and delamination, thereby impeding its seamless integration into industrial battery production.

While numerous researchers are exploring various promising approaches to facilitate the incorporation of silicon alloys in electrodes, the potential implementation of additional porosity and functionalisation of surface textures through laser patterning remains an under-researched area.

There is growing evidence in literature that, for example nanowire geometry in silicon anodes allows less swelling compared to spherical nanoparticles, therefore there is a need not only to functionalise the geometry of the silicon nanowire anode technology but also to produce a basic understanding of the geometrical/topographical effect of the nanofeatures on the battery performance.

The aim of this PhD is to develop novel laser processing strategies (texturing and laser surface engineering) to:

(i) increase the porosity of Silicon-materials by functionalising its surface properties; (ii) improve resistance to mechanical stresses thereby avoiding delamination;

(iii) functionalise the electrochemical performance of batteries.

The successful candidate will be involved in an exciting multidisciplinary project aimed at developing new laser surface engineering techniques for improving the performance of battery materials by enhancing their functionality. This project will include the followings: investigation of the technology viability, technology development, characterisation of surface engineered devices; and testing of the treated devices. The last stage will expose the candidate to commercialisation and enterprise activities.

This exciting PhD project will benefit from direct involvement of academics working in the laser manufacturing and the battery technology fields. Upon completion of the PhD, the candidate will develop a wide range of technical and transferable skills ideal for pursuing their career both in academia and in industry.

This PhD project is open to self-funded applicants. Many of the Doctoral Researchers at Loughborough University are supported through a range of funding routes, including external funding bodies, government scholarship schemes and employer sponsorship.

Further information on funding opportunities is available on the Research degree funding webpage.

Applications are particularly welcomed from candidates who can secure external sponsorship through competitive funding schemes, such as the Commonwealth Scholarships Commission or the China Scholarship Council (CSC).